天驰君泰高级合伙人受邀独家撰写钱伯斯《2023大中华区法律指南-TMT：媒体与娱乐概览》

受国际权威法律评级机构钱伯斯（Chambers & Partners）邀请，天驰君泰律师事务所高级合伙人郭春飞、董媛媛律师为其独家撰写钱伯斯《2023大中华区法律指南-TMT(科技、传媒、通信行业) 概览：媒体与娱乐》Greater China Region-CHINA: An Introduction to TMT: Media & Entertainment (PRC Firms)。

下述为文章全文：

TMT(科技、传媒、通信行业) 概览：媒体与娱乐

Introduction to TMT: Media and Entertainment 

中国的媒体和娱乐行业正朝着更加数字化和标准化的方向发展。关键数字技术的创新和应用飞速发展，这反过来又推动了行业的数字化转型。与此同时，法律法规的日益完善也为该行业的未来绘制了美好蓝图。因此，行业从业者面临着前所未有的机遇和挑战。

China’s media and entertainment industry is developing towards a more digitised and standardised form. The innovation and application of key digital technologies is accelerating, which in turn is driving the digital transformation of the industry. At the same time, the improvement of laws and regulations paints a rosy picture of the industry’s future. As a result, industry practitioners face unprecedented opportunities and challenges.

机遇与挑战

在数字化时代，数字经济的产生和数字社会的创建为媒体和娱乐业的数字转型和发展提供了动力。大力支持的相关业务包括但不限于数字创意、在线视听服务、数字出版、数字娱乐、在线演出和广播等。例如，电视节目正在探索虚拟主持人的可能性，图书馆和博物馆正在推出在线展览和发布 NFT 数字藏品，音乐也更多地通过数字方式传播。数字技术推动了电影、电视、旅游、音乐等众多传统行业的转型。过去一年，中国经济仍受到新冠病毒的影响。由于防疫政策，许多线下娱乐活动无法举行，这加快了行业的数字化发展，促进了行业的数字化转型。

与此同时，随着网络空间与社会的深度融合，加强网络安全也成为一个重要问题。完善网络安全相关法律法规、建设信息保护基础设施的工作也在紧锣密鼓地进行。例如，《中华人民共和国网络安全法》修正案草案已于 2022 年发布。该修正案规定了进一步的禁止性条款，调整了相关处罚的力度，并完善了与个人信息保护法的衔接。

Opportunities and Challenges 

In the digital era, the creation of a digital economy and a digital society provides the driving force for the digital transformation and development of the media and entertainment industry. Relevant businesses that are strongly supported include, but are not limited to, digital creativity, online audio-visual services, digital publishing, digital entertainment, and online performance and broadcasting. For example, television shows are exploring the possibility of virtual hosts, libraries and museums are launching online exhibitions and releasing NFT digital collections, and music is more often distributed digitally. Digital technology has promoted the transformation of many traditional industries, such as film, television, tourism, and music. In the past year, China's economy was still affected by the pandemic. Due to pandemic prevention policies, many live entertainment events could not be held, which accelerated the digital development of the industry and promoted its digital transformation.

In the meantime, as cyberspace and society become more deeply integrated, strengthening cybersecurity has also become an important issue. Efforts to improve laws and regulations relating to cybersecurity and the creation of information protection infrastructure are also in full swing. For example, the draft of the amendment of Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China was released in 2022. The amendment provides for further prohibitions, adjusts the severity of relevant penalties, and improves the connection with the Personal Information Protection law.

网络新业态版权管理

随着 "剧本杀"、"密室逃脱 "等新兴消费业态的兴起，产业链逐步完善。随着编剧、发行商、演员、门店商家、垂直平台的参与，产业规模将不断扩大。预计到 2025 年，剧本杀的市场规模将达到 448.1 亿元人民币。为规范行业发展，文化和旅游部等五部委于 2022 年 6 月联合下发了《关于加强剧本娱乐经营场所管理的通知》。《通知》指出，经营场所必须建立内容自审制度，对剧本脚本以及表演、场景、道具、服饰等进行内容自审，确保内容合法。

Establishing Administrative Management for New Industries

With the rise of new consumer formats such as ‘murder mysteries’ and ‘escape rooms’, the industry chain has gradually improved. The industry scale will be continuously expanded along with the participation of script writers, distributors, actors, store merchants, and vertical platforms. It is estimated that the market size of murder mysteries will be CNY44.81 billion by 2025. To regulate the industry, five ministries including the Ministry of Culture and Tourism jointly issued the Notice on Strengthening the Management of Script Entertainment Business Venues in June 2022. The Notice pointed out that a content self-review system must be established by the business venues to review scripts, performances, scenes, props, and costumes to ensure that the content is legal.

严格网络版权监管

2022 年 9 月至 11 月，国家版权局等部门联合开展了 "剑网 2022 "行动，既规范发展，又严惩不贷。此次行动以网络视频、网络音乐、网络文学、网络新闻、线上直播等多个领域为重点，打击网络侵权盗版行为。

自 2022 年 6 月 1 日起，广电总局正式对网络剧颁发行政许可。《网络剧片发行许可证》的正式启用，让创作者有了更强的社会责任感，也对选题和内容提出了更高的标准和更严格的审查。"网络标准 "正在为网络视听行业创造良好的发展机制，推动整个行业实现高质量发展。

Strict Supervision of Internet Copyright 

From September to November 2022, the National Copyright Administration and other departments jointly ran the “Jianwang 2022” campaign, providing both standardised development and strict punishments. The campaign combated online copyright infringement and piracy, focusing on online video, online music, online literature, online news, online livestreaming, and many other areas.

The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television has officially issued administrative licences for online dramas since 1st June 2022. The official launch of the Network Drama Release Licence gives creators a stronger sense of social responsibility, and also puts forward higher standards and stricter examination of the selection of themes and content. "Network standard" is creating a sound development mechanism for the online audio-visual industry, driving the entire industry to achieve high-quality development.

NFT (非同质化通证)数字收藏受到寒潮冲击

2022 年 8 月，腾讯幻核宣布停止发行 NFT 数字馆藏，用户可选择继续持有或申请退款。2022 年 9 月，腾讯音乐旗下 TME NFT 数字合集几近关停，产品长期无更新。近期，NFT数字合集遭遇寒潮，行业已显露出困境。除了版权问题，NFT的金融风险也需要防范。

例如，2022年4月，中国互联网金融协会等部门联合发布了《关于防范NFT相关金融风险的倡议》，提出了相关行为规范，避免金融投机乱象。此次寒潮也预示着严监管的趋势。相关政策法规有望确保 NFT 数字藏品的良好发展。

NFT Digital Collection Hit by Cold Wave 

In August 2022, Tencent Magic Core announced that it would stop publishing NFT digital collections, and users could choose to keep them or apply for a refund. In September 2022, Tencent Music’s TME NFT digital collection was nearly shut down, with no product updates for a long time. The NFT digital collection was recently hit by a cold wave, and the industry has shown signs of trouble. In addition to copyright issues, the financial risks of NFTs also need to be guarded against.

For example, in April 2022 the National Internet Finance Association of China and other departments jointly issued the “Initiative on Preventing NFT-Related Financial Risks”, which provides relevant codes of conduct to avoid financial speculation and chaos. The cold wave this time also heralds the trend of strict supervision. Relevant policies and regulations are expected to ensure a good development of NFT digital collections.

整顿网络直播

提高道德修养和精神风貌，已成为传媒娱乐业提升文化软实力的建设重点。行业从业者和相关部门都在着力提升自身道德形象，以确保公众人物成为道德楷模。

直播电商发展迅速。然而，随着行业的快速发展，许多问题也逐渐浮现，比如主播的税务问题，以及直播违法或低俗内容等。因此，业界呼吁加强监管和治理。2022 年 6 月发布的《网络主播行为规范》规定了主播在网络视听节目中不得有的行为底线。文件还明确，主播应坚持正确的价值导向，履行法定纳税义务。网络平台和经纪机构也应积极履行职责，加强对主播的培训和管理。行业自律与外部监督的协调，有利于行业的有序发展。

Rectification of Network Livestreaming 

Improving moral accomplishment and spiritual outlook has become the focus of the construction of the media and entertainment industry in order to enhance its cultural soft power. Industry practitioners and relevant departments are focusing on improving their moral image in order to ensure that public figures become moral role models.

Livestream e-commerce is developing rapidly. However, with the rapid growth of the industry, many problems have been emerging, such as hosts’ tax issues as well as illegal or vulgar content. Therefore, the industry has called for stricter supervision and governance. The “Code of Conduct for Network Hosts” released in June 2022 stipulates the bottom line of behaviours that are prohibited for hosts during online audio-visual performances. The document also clarifies that hosts should adhere to correct guidance and fulfil their legal tax obligations. Network platforms and brokerage agencies should also actively fulfil their responsibilities and strengthen the training and management of hosts. The coordination of industry self-discipline and external supervision is conducive to the orderly development of the industry.

因疫情而取消的演出

近年来，疫情一直是一个常见话题，毫无疑问，媒体和娱乐行业也受到了疫情的严重影响。比如，电影、电视剧的上映时间经常延迟，剧场的上座率总是受到严格限制，电影、电视剧的拍摄也经常被迫推迟，这些都会给行业从业者带来不小的损失。这种不可抗力是无法避免的，因此应在合同中明确相关条款，尽量减少损失。合同中还应包括详细的条款，重点说明可能造成的影响、双方的义务以及后续解决方案。

经济和社会的发展促进了媒体和娱乐产业的繁荣。行业的规范发展也需要完善配套的法律法规。在当今的经济、社会和法律背景下，行业面临着各种机遇和挑战。行业从业者应抓住机遇，遵守相关法律法规，实现更好的发展。

Performance Cancellation Due to the Epidemic 

The epidemic has been a constant topic in recent years, and there is no doubt that the media and entertainment industry has been seriously affected by it. For example, the release of movies and dramas is often delayed, theatre attendance is always strictly controlled, and the shooting of movies and TV dramas is also often delayed, all of which will cause considerable losses to industry practitioners. Such force majeure cannot be avoided, so relevant clauses should be clearly specified in the contract in order to minimise losses. The contract should also include detailed clauses focusing on the possible impact, the obligations of both parties, and subsequent solutions.

The prosperity of the media and entertainment industry is promoted by economic and social development. The standardised development of the industry also needs the improvement of supporting laws and regulations. In today’s economic, social and legal context, the industry faces various opportunities and challenges. Industry practitioners should seize the opportunities and abide by relevant laws and regulations in order to achieve better development.